Group Dynamics Forsyth 6th Edition Pdf 124
DOWNLOAD ---> https://tinurll.com/2t2H4l
The present paper provides a brief overview of three very relevant concepts in group research: entitativity, cohesion and ingroup identification. Subsequently, a theoretical framework integrating all concepts based on theories from sociology and psychology is presented that gives an overview on their relation and differentiation. Social psychology is largely influenced by psychological and sociological theories. Roughly, these two areas can be differentiated by the focus and perspective of research: while psychologists are largely interested in intra- and interindividual phenomena, sociologists are concerned with a societal perspective. In group dynamics research, both perspectives together deliver a holistic understanding and are of equal importance. Influencing theories in the field of group dynamics stem from both areas. In the present paper and the presented framework, the two perspectives are considered through the different levels in which the three concepts entitativity, cohesion and ingroup identification are located: the group-level and the individual-level.
Ip studied the influence of Gestalt principles on perceived entitativity of groups [39]. In their studies they used cartoon aliens to exemplify different constellations. Different from the previously described study by Lickel et al. [53], here, the focus was on finding out which specific cues led participants to see a group as entitative [39]. Thus, participants were given different information on the cartoon aliens, e.g. a group of aliens that was physically similar or that moved synchronously. They found: similar ratings of entitativity resulted from different information. Furthermore, the authors describe the mediating role of perceived common traits for the perception of entitativity when physical similarity was the cue. In addition, the perception of common goals mediated the relationship between synchronous movement and the rating of entitativity [39]. A rather complex relational model of cues is the result of this research. The main finding, however, is that the extent of entitativity was rather independent of the cue given: the ratings were similarly high or low. These findings are consistent with a theory of the formation of perceived entitativity. The theory postulated that a group can be perceived as entitative resulting from two distinct ways: through a categorical construal and a dynamic construal. Depending upon the information an observer has, he or she base their perception upon either categories or dynamics. Both, perceived similarity of group members (a categorical construal) and perceived interaction (a dynamic construal) were found to be antecedents of entitativity [63]. The reported findings suggest that entitativity does not depend on a single cue or factor, but is rather based upon many cues independently, or a combination of them [69].
In this framework proposed for the HRI research community, a clear conceptualization of ingroup identification as a variable on the individual-level is reasonable, since human-robot groups are new and unknown groups to most people. Group dynamics research in psychology and sociology was focused on human interaction. With robots entering the field as possible coworkers, servants and companions, new dynamics will emerge [45]. Considering the findings reported above, robots, as a new group of social agents, and human-robot groups, as unknown conglomerates, will not trigger defined mental representations. Thus, individuals are unlikely to feel identified with robot groups and human-robot groups, because they cannot draw on these mental representations, e.g. knowledge about status. This is the reason why at this point in time, the community of HRI researchers should put an emphasis on the individual-level of ingroup identification. Once interaction increases, individual group members start using the group for self identifying processes [72]. In consequence, once human-robot groups have become known social groups, a shift to a multilevel conceptualization (taking into account the recent findings of dimensions and components of ingroup identification) will be needed.
To conclude, reviews of the concepts of ingroup identification, cohesion and entitativity show considerable overlap in the conceptualization, many cues predicting all three concepts and questionnaires with similar items assessing either one of them. From the 1950s and 1960s, where most research on group dynamics have its roots, the different concepts have spread and been researched by different researchers and branches in sociology and psychology. Small group researchers were mainly occupied with cohesion and researchers in the field of large groups concentrated on entitativity. Ingroup identification has been named social identity, group identity and many more. The current framework that puts an emphasis on perspective and level is supposed to serve as a common ground for research in HRI. It can and should be extended to integrate more concepts from groups dynamics research. The framework can provide a theoretical basis for the common understanding of these concepts and a common approach for research.
With regard to methodology, we further face the task to create meaningful interaction paradigms in HRI to study characteristics of groups and their members. For this purpose, we have to identify which small group paradigms from social psychology research can be transferred and maybe adapted. Also, HRI specific scenarios have to be created, since by their nature, multi-agent groups are different from all-human groups. These differences, especially with regard to (social) capabilities of the robotic group members and hence agency perceptions of the robotic agents in comparison to the human agents are giving research on group dynamics a new twist. This latter overarching question finds its reflection on every concept level as the following potential future research questions will show:
As fascinating as human-robot interaction has been all these years, we look ahead to new and possibly even more interesting times when HRI scholars face countless new research paradigms on (social) group dynamics to be discovered as they boldly go where (almost) no one has gone before. 2b1af7f3a8
https://sway.office.com/n3yL7XKVpATeRLtF
https://sway.office.com/NttpGF6X6XobbBZy
https://sway.office.com/orvTeF7BhhnFEJH2
https://sway.office.com/e27O113vAzevx99g
https://sway.office.com/fCJ99WortzvHgSCT
https://sway.office.com/OF24athl03a9llD4
https://sway.office.com/QU79acnpLW3dMUOq
https://sway.office.com/6I9tuaE7BQAq3Iit
https://sway.office.com/K7W7elD8juwc0Wmp
https://sway.office.com/uKjwkRL9swjZRBBu
https://sway.office.com/FrtTZvPVjRwQhooU
https://sway.office.com/H4Hj3kR83remHgXm
https://sway.office.com/VYVw5zcV3IjDipul
https://sway.office.com/3qR89kh3g81K288W
https://sway.office.com/sB0xiwYmS4wVcfir
https://sway.office.com/tOMse3QFzEyePo8w
https://sway.office.com/2RuF51HRtEQtzOFB
https://sway.office.com/Ga7cRZQSorXEP4Yx
https://sway.office.com/MuibXGArB0IQF7wM
https://sway.office.com/IkQUzdX1vVd0aDtA
https://sway.office.com/DKbbKrDVD8brnbaz
https://sway.office.com/S2rqV3GDmE01CSZu
https://sway.office.com/I2GXX2hlDCeOxHEb
https://sway.office.com/QrUprNYwpfuixwzN
https://sway.office.com/pBUXwHl6TlBjTYbf
https://sway.office.com/ukCRPHNGBt7mxMlL
https://sway.office.com/PcNnCah6qUqeQA57
https://sway.office.com/IEEBCyZPGH1UG7J9
https://sway.office.com/Qfu2lFfm7OaU6Ksw
https://sway.office.com/6XHLRrvWpibV5kK8
https://sway.office.com/h9E3FMZ2CsDuNAP4
https://sway.office.com/rROxlRqngYRehbuZ
https://sway.office.com/AMCqJ3lFTOZLWqFK
https://sway.office.com/AaR8w4bB0qt1zyZv
https://sway.office.com/KEtPgurPbbHFAc0v
https://sway.office.com/AmByzTNDuE5TJSql
https://sway.office.com/CeLBOcC5qYj5QC0R
https://sway.office.com/ALjH9sYuPFVAjPti
https://sway.office.com/IFlzYOAvvcZccllO
https://sway.office.com/GuGZWMpoPO4GU1IF
https://sway.office.com/wJsnGucRLVDDvOBX
https://sway.office.com/DgAHWq2HxlT9RygQ
https://sway.office.com/0u2kBiL3a1rm7ri1
https://sway.office.com/q3zqiXeNsLtXk2LC
https://sway.office.com/rj5TOuDo9bYL8Oi5
https://sway.office.com/YdHeTKVFwfiNeQCp
https://sway.office.com/3dNaWzwbti3OWTd0
https://sway.office.com/jpo1kLTJB2izOJB0
https://sway.office.com/1KMrmj1q5oo4Qr4f
https://sway.office.com/MuNyAvBZtGvAS9tq
https://sway.office.com/iVpB4ZH7O3rXFsFH
https://sway.office.com/ENFbFc4xFqvL9rBp
https://sway.office.com/iePB380ijDTfgMes
https://sway.office.com/LyF13Eg45sGbDfqF
https://sway.office.com/IJoDor8G8RDuKcXl
https://sway.office.com/m4GYqWUkjIgnaZI7
https://sway.office.com/XROayRQqfCTM9E4H
https://sway.office.com/GK8oNkBfXw3YzZIU
https://sway.office.com/Rn9Sq05DDCmgydsz
https://sway.office.com/yz2d0rJ5jxz1l1GN
https://sway.office.com/IIpHGBoP1FSpbNyJ
https://sway.office.com/hkzmNijiE0IdmknW
https://sway.office.com/K2QPeuGk8aKxbXlp
https://sway.office.com/qTgwTOG3YKmtkwYx
https://sway.office.com/2B6ZAbAKMb56gooJ
https://sway.office.com/GPyjSdUZLrP2JsKz
https://sway.office.com/B9SrrnCppZSdEsuz
https://sway.office.com/hlQ5bS8anbwPlgfp
https://sway.office.com/5eBpp4jgOZQ0knwu
https://sway.office.com/io6nNTFag56bcIdl
https://sway.office.com/GzqmeBRHuSLTkXor
https://sway.office.com/AnbFhb91QeDYBpYy
https://sway.office.com/ZOJ3IvmG0Mlb1mSR
https://sway.office.com/JFQhiCsFaGtNb53i
https://sway.office.com/FqntC4XJXbRftcO4
https://sway.office.com/5kBF7tkVXuyrivzQ
https://sway.office.com/MLBDiuKQQtPHxUJ1
https://sway.office.com/M4Qy4mRKrTwOGtE8
https://sway.office.com/IvUpt7fcqHIetpj3
https://sway.office.com/hW9EGn6TGFSBboDj
https://sway.office.com/O6yKN84UG6CvLXOD
https://sway.office.com/1oBDMUMM0cL0EBJv
https://sway.office.com/oSw1IQSGvp6KZUFG
https://sway.office.com/ucjhnBsibX9JVvck
https://sway.office.com/BjT3AJOvwmuE9CCO
https://sway.office.com/lAEs6nTWwEnHGmRl
https://sway.office.com/HH6xy2yjF7P46sT2
https://sway.office.com/7wFnZ7FHuaiFkr9t
https://sway.office.com/68jjKc38b9udGjjJ
https://sway.office.com/QqnOr6KCXtrNliOX
https://sway.office.com/m1gBtgLAHT4u7yXg
https://sway.office.com/qd4aorVd1jsgjaiT
https://sway.office.com/zwUffuRkgj8ku3eG
https://sway.office.com/x8LNnpgsvaUcE9RY
https://sway.office.com/6X4PIJvC7CYnnnBk
https://sway.office.com/GVNNd3dCRGMpJaQ1
https://sway.office.com/EhrzH86LdbGdF3Nm
https://sway.office.com/WMV2ALiZuFFSMNhX
https://sway.office.com/PhwFeR9DG09kFUk5
https://sway.office.com/vQsCOFMQc22KVnG8
https://sway.office.com/k4GMjBcP1XckZK0B
https://sway.office.com/YDH5exRHOa17d3rf
https://sway.office.com/yIyXiBmYFQJp5Fek
https://sway.office.com/4WDok2874UvnxEWY
https://sway.office.com/Jl8pAcGhI0n5dVUF
https://sway.office.com/N5MLay90X9nAl1sG
https://sway.office.com/Ijgjz0j8W3JJGA4g
https://sway.office.com/8GZltbahAIHzNTHy
https://sway.office.com/lQe9ueAp1AWkn4hT
https://sway.office.com/bamqlbbEuviSYsjq
https://sway.office.com/tPW2ScHOyodHE2Ww
https://sway.office.com/TKs7auphNsVAaBZJ
https://sway.office.com/TnIGn8egNdzgS12u
https://sway.office.com/TYmVhorQ7poWXsIJ
https://sway.office.com/ZoEC5FVmc0FYM4OL
https://sway.office.com/ECYd07VCgVBizOdL
https://sway.office.com/X6TVgtIP5hddHgF7
https://sway.office.com/oykp48TMUAOpmhuw
https://sway.office.com/qFibUPUPAHTfLais
https://sway.office.com/raTN0GdgBnEMopY9
https://sway.office.com/kuyYfa3GM5D0w9L7
https://sway.office.com/RqGuKlACsUl0v7rm
https://sway.office.com/1LKUbg5gZbhjfYkp
https://sway.office.com/nGEAwTSszMvwBRqt
https://sway.office.com/NTFx2DDolnEcvbK4
https://sway.office.com/f4QRxeqNl4eAK25a
https://sway.office.com/U1740uZULmrH5Ckq
https://sway.office.com/66xXLxwrsoJmH2Bk
https://sway.office.com/EUKE84gkbwHu63Rh
https://sway.office.com/TnpKMlsMlIEbXsxO
https://sway.office.com/NVtjkcIwiexHqB8l
https://sway.office.com/VDxliL6qnKQf3GBw
https://sway.office.com/Ckw5p1GnPqGmYFDw
https://sway.office.com/EIK2taXaBVZHAGzm
https://sway.office.com/NQ5M99O6YsjkMIyn
https://sway.office.com/CVAWdo4zEPsgkdpq
https://sway.office.com/5glpjjauskmNwfg4
https://sway.office.com/qOS8li9LeidFovnK
https://sway.office.com/u2fQe8S17Cu74wct
https://sway.office.com/89s7N4HEeHi98aY1
https://sway.office.com/Pa0pmPbI0cSeL5TM
https://sway.office.com/njkwhUGJpJSB8Lb7
https://sway.office.com/MT8R0cT5tZ8n7HjO
https://sway.office.com/7RkIr7GshY3MxrUe
https://sway.office.com/WTOqxy516kePNqec
https://sway.office.com/8d9lZGi8VbhmgnfC
https://sway.office.com/ykx49RErPXlflEUY
https://sway.office.com/E29V8zzY3HTJ3WMc
https://sway.office.com/wcsU6wPnG6PLovjI
https://sway.office.com/WwsZUnHD9aHQH0xw
https://sway.office.com/KpSsDqLTipH8cNxK
https://sway.office.com/Iu2e52nVThFtYewk
https://sway.office.com/tyEf91h2mxXIFp8L
https://sway.office.com/VIml5oJNxdED6Ofg
https://sway.office.com/IkCudH1cMUASFQ0D
https://sway.office.com/yCHy6E1qZ2ZYpy2f
https://sway.office.com/BKO9FZO3diuTRmji
https://sway.office.com/crrjr64mFYyRGpQV
https://sway.office.com/0wbmS1Oy4oa1vlR3
https://sway.office.com/QlRgcL1tN4QwB3Zn
https://sway.office.com/wCuV50u8DXGExawh
https://sway.office.com/mlUNp4Yemb1raQuQ
https://sway.office.com/g1jNu7PPj882hHIs
https://sway.office.com/FMsECUepaEAKlDLi
https://sway.office.com/kqcEThVzrKc7WDHc
https://sway.office.com/2qGrBadusLAsnEno
https://sway.office.com/Qw6R3bsdDC4YJhjm
https://sway.office.com/HmUl5GEDdqqE6uzN
https://sway.office.com/O68BdrNZlBYPuAlB
https://sway.office.com/6T02XxJJBO31jGZ9
https://sway.office.com/O5xPzg8F9D8QV0nB
https://sway.office.com/9e0TqSvz6rYgrdYU
https://sway.office.com/Hrn0Y8xp3vNFkRHy
https://sway.office.com/yD6pkvlC0bjFNYLE
https://sway.office.com/eFH4dc81UyHZH4Qo
https://sway.office.com/H4TCLeEVjMHnH3y5
https://sway.office.com/OiWarvr1y3cV103I
https://sway.office.com/f2AfR49WHEOFhHzu
https://sway.office.com/rpPRRHmRDCYYX7NG
https://sway.office.com/RDJbFOGwID6Mr20r
https://sway.office.com/3lFH53s6i7wsxmAc
https://sway.office.com/hnHqf6eDI915ZQEl
https://sway.office.com/MjKLppd3XbsoMuCZ
https://sway.office.com/khVGLL3mKZFgt34l
https://sway.office.com/4e8I4ASc77cHDpkc
https://sway.office.com/Fvprg5BxRjJv1Y1u
https://sway.office.com/515UE3NvOD0CxJ5L
https://sway.office.com/zR0gGbVjGkE4oy4x
https://sway.office.com/luDsAfWZSLO4ygmb
https://sway.office.com/UnBPcfFfJyBYrWOX
https://sway.office.com/D7fWazr18AptHnEA
https://sway.office.com/cyIDfhVlJHYQvVDd
https://sway.office.com/OVDznUceiqEuU0xQ
https://sway.office.com/i0CojEjFDz98dASv
https://sway.office.com/Risf7MlCRvUEROPe
https://sway.office.com/9eIBGr26qPNlQrLE
https://sway.office.com/9JBkZjPD1IPbmeaJ
https://sway.office.com/z5QJKUESRjLnZQlI
https://sway.office.com/OJU7feLHq1kOGdUf
https://sway.office.com/w1cfpDXBrp26h11q
https://sway.office.com/vCB9wfAnEnzQm1dS
https://sway.office.com/mroIUMQFN1otYCDz
https://sway.office.com/tffhWzkS60zcmKHD
https://sway.office.com/j7jPtEw3hZxNdglV
https://sway.office.com/iwHzS6NDOzCGcAnN
https://sway.office.com/B9Ao16hDWHaANL61